Jazz chords on the piano are often viewed as complex, sophisticated, and full of character. Unlike the more straightforward triads found in many other genres, jazz chords frequently employ extended harmonies, alterations, and voicing that add a rich texture to the music. In this piece, we’ll explore how jazz chords work on the piano and how they can be implemented into different genres to create unique and versatile music.
1. The Basics of Jazz Chords
Jazz chords are typically built on the same fundamental principles as classical chords but with additional notes that add complexity and colour. Here are some key elements:
Sevenths: The most basic jazz chords are seventh chords. These are four-note chords that add a seventh interval to the basic triad (root, third, and fifth). For example, a Cmaj7 chord consists of the notes C (root), E (third), G (fifth), and B (seventh).
Extended Chords: Jazz often uses chords with added ninths, elevenths, and thirteenths. For example, a C9 chord includes the notes C, E, G, Bb, and D. These extensions create a richer and more complex sound.
Altered Chords: Jazz musicians often alter chords by raising or lowering certain notes. For instance, a C7#9 chord consists of C, E, G, Bb, and D#, where the ninth (D) is raised to D#.
Voicing: In jazz, the same chord can be played in various ways, known as voicing. These voicing may spread the notes across different octaves or omit certain notes to emphasise others, creating different textures and emotions.
2. How Jazz Chords Differ from Traditional Chords
In traditional Western music, chords are usually simple triads or seventh chords, primarily used in their root position. Jazz, however, emphasises:
Complexity: Jazz chords often contain more notes, including various extensions and alterations.
Voice Leading: Smooth transitions between chords, known as voice leading, are crucial in jazz. This involves moving individual notes by the smallest possible interval from one chord to the next.
Inversions and Open Voicing: Jazz pianists often use inversions (rearranging the order of notes) and open voicing (spreading notes across a wider range) to create a fuller sound.
3. Implementing Jazz Chords in Different Genres
Jazz chords can be used to add depth and sophistication to a variety of musical genres. Here’s how you can incorporate jazz harmony into different styles:
Pop Music
Pop music typically relies on simple, catchy melodies and straightforward chord progressions. By incorporating jazz chords, you can add a layer of sophistication and emotional depth to a pop song.
Subtle Use of Extensions: Start by adding seventh chords or simple ninth chords to your progressions. For example, replacing a basic C major chord with a Cmaj7 can add a smooth, laid-back feel.
Voicing Choices: Use open voicing or drop-two voicing (where the second highest note is dropped down an octave) to create a fuller, more complex sound that still remains accessible.
Altered Dominants: Introduce altered dominant chords, like a G7#5, leading back to the tonic to create tension and resolution in a pop context.
Rock Music
Rock music, with its strong, driving rhythms and often power-chord-based harmony, can benefit from the colour and tension of jazz chords.
Blues Influence: Since rock has its roots in blues, incorporating dominant seventh chords with added extensions or alterations can bring out the genre’s bluesy side. For example, using a C7#9 in a rock progression can add grit and tension.
Modal Interchange: Borrow chords from parallel modes to introduce jazzier sounds. For example, in a song in C major, use an Ebmaj7 chord (from the parallel minor key) to add unexpected harmonic richness.
Jazz-Rock Fusion: Experiment with jazz chords in a rock context by using complex harmonies like minor sevenths, major sevenths, and diminished chords to add a layer of sophistication to the music.
Hip-Hop and R&B
Jazz has a strong influence on hip-hop and R&B, particularly in the use of complex chords and smooth, soulful progressions.
Neo-Soul Chords: Embrace the lush, complex harmonies of neo-soul by using chords like maj9, min9, and sus chords. These create a smooth, jazzy vibe that’s perfect for R&B.
Sampling Jazz Chords: Many hip-hop producers sample jazz records for their chord progressions. You can recreate this by using jazz voicing and progressions in your own productions, adding a layer of authenticity.
Rhythmic Variations: Jazz rhythms, such as swing or syncopation, can be integrated into hip-hop and R&B, giving your beats a jazz-influenced groove.
Classical and Film Music
Jazz chords can be seamlessly integrated into classical and film music, where they can add emotion, tension, and sophistication.
Extended Harmonic Vocabulary: In film scores, jazz chords can add a unique emotional depth. For example, using a Cmaj7#11 in a poignant scene can evoke a sense of unresolved tension or longing.
Jazz-Classical Fusion: Composers like George Gershwin have successfully fused jazz harmony with classical forms. You can do the same by incorporating jazz chords into traditional classical structures, like sonatas or symphonies, to create a modern, genre-blending piece.
Modulation and Chromaticism: Use jazz chords to facilitate smooth modulations and chromaticism in classical compositions, creating seamless transitions between keys.
4. Practical Tips for Learning and Implementing Jazz Chords
Start Simple: Begin with basic seventh chords and gradually introduce extensions and alterations as you become more comfortable.
Practice Voicing: Experiment with different voicing to understand how they affect the sound of the chord. Practice playing the same chord in various positions on the keyboard.
Listen and Transcribe: Study jazz pianists like Bill Evans, Herbie Hancock, or Chick Corea. Listen to how they voice chords and incorporate those ideas into your own playing.
Experiment with Progressions: Take a simple chord progression and try replacing the chords with their jazz equivalents. For example, replace a standard I-IV-V progression with Imaj7-IVmaj7-V7alt.
Use a Real Book: Familiarise yourself with jazz standards. Playing through these songs will expose you to a wide range of chord types and progressions, helping you internalise jazz harmony.
5. Conclusion
Jazz chords on the piano offer a world of possibilities for musicians across all genres. Their complexity and richness can add new dimensions to your music, whether you’re crafting a pop song, a rock anthem, an R&B groove, or a film score. By understanding how these chords work and how to implement them, you can unlock a new level of creativity and versatility in your playing. So, whether you’re a seasoned musician or just starting out, exploring jazz harmony is a worthwhile endeavour that can significantly expand your musical vocabulary.
Try these 10 Essential Piano Chord Progressions Every Pianist Should Know
Understanding and mastering various chord progressions is crucial for any pianist looking to enhance their playing and compositional skills. Below are 10 fundamental chord progressions that span across different genres, each providing a unique sound and emotional context.
1. I – V – vi – IV
Key of C Major: C – G – Am – F
Description:
This is one of the most popular chord progressions in contemporary music, especially in pop and rock genres.
It creates a catchy and uplifting sound that’s pleasing to the ear.
Examples: “Let It Be” by The Beatles, “With or Without You” by U2.
2. ii – V – I
Key of C Major: Dm7 – G7 – Cmaj7
Description:
A fundamental progression in jazz music, creating a smooth and satisfying resolution.
It’s essential for understanding jazz harmony and improvisation.
Variations: Can be extended with added tensions like ninths and thirteenths for more colour.
Examples: Commonly found throughout jazz standards such as “Autumn Leaves.”
3. I – vi – IV – V
Key of C Major: C – Am – F – G
Description:
Known as the “50s progression,” it’s widely used in doo-wop, pop, and rock and roll.
Evokes a nostalgic and romantic feel.
Examples: “Stand By Me” by Ben E. King, “Every Breath You Take” by The Police.
4. 12-Bar Blues Progression
Key of C Major:
| C7 | C7 | C7 | C7 |
| F7 | F7 | C7 | C7 |
| G7 | F7 | C7 | G7 |
Description:
The backbone of blues music, also influential in jazz, rock, and R&B.
Features a repetitive and soulful structure that’s great for improvisation.
Examples: “Sweet Home Chicago,” “Pride and Joy” by Stevie Ray Vaughan.
5. I – IV – V
Key of C Major: C – F – G
Description:
A simple yet powerful progression found in countless songs across various genres including blues, rock, country, and folk.
Creates a strong and straightforward harmonic movement.
Examples: “La Bamba” by Ritchie Valens, “Wild Thing” by The Troggs.
6. vi – IV – I – V
Key of C Major: Am – F – C – G
Description:
Popular in modern pop and rock music, offering a slightly more melancholic and emotive feel.
Provides a smooth and flowing sound that’s easy to listen to.
Examples: “Someone Like You” by Adele, “Apologise” by OneRepublic.
7. I – V – IV
Key of C Major: C – G – F
Description:
A versatile progression used in rock, pop, and gospel music.
Delivers a strong and resolved sound, often used in choruses and hooks.
Examples: “Born This Way” by Lady Gaga, “No Woman No Cry” by Bob Marley.
8. i – bVII – bVI – V
Key of A Minor: Am – G – F – E
Description:
Common in minor key songs, providing a dramatic and emotionally intense atmosphere.
Frequently used in rock, metal, and classical compositions.
Examples: “All Along the Watchtower” by Jimi Hendrix, “Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin.
9. I – vi – ii – V
Key of C Major: C – Am – Dm – G
Description:
A staple in jazz and pop music, offering a smooth and cyclical feel.
Excellent for creating extended sequences and exploring melodic improvisation.
Examples: “Heart and Soul” by Hoagy Carmichael, various jazz standards.
10. iv – I
Key of C Major: Fm – C
Description:
Known as the “minor plagal cadence,” it adds a soulful and gospel-like touch to music.
Creates a surprising and emotionally rich resolution.
Examples: “Smells Like Teen Spirit” by Nirvana (used creatively), “A Change Is Gonna Come” by Sam Cooke.
Tips for Practicing These Progressions
Play in Different Keys: Practice each progression in multiple keys to build versatility and deepen your understanding of harmonic relationships.
Experiment with Rhythm and Tempo: Varying the rhythm and tempo can drastically change the feel of a progression, making it suitable for different styles.
Add Extensions and Variations: Incorporate seventh chords, ninths, and other extensions to add complexity and jazz influences.
Practice Smooth Voice Leading: Aim for minimal movement between chords by finding common tones and smooth transitions.
Improvise Melodies Over Progressions: Use these chord sequences as a foundation for creating your own melodies and improvisations.
By mastering these chord progressions, pianists can greatly expand their repertoire and ability to play and compose across a wide range of musical styles. Regular practice and exploration will lead to a deeper musical understanding and enhanced creative expression.
